Creede/Mineral County Visitor Center. In his possession were the belongings of one of his clients and plenty of cash. The episode even closes with a shot of Creedethat hikers of the local Inspiration Point Trail may recognize. Donations are appreciated. He died six years later, still claiming innocence. Transcript of the Court Martial of Sgt. Nicholas Creede discovered a high-grade silver vein on Willow Creek, a tributary of the Rio Grande. William "Frank" Snyder Jr. - Shot in his family's tent during the initial battle on 20 April 1914. Welcome to the official site of the Creede & Mineral County Visitor Center & Chamber of Commerce: your connection to vacations, recreation, attractions, real estate, lodging, and the Arts in Southern Colorado. If youve had a Netflix account for a couple years, theres a good chance youve seen advertisements for the companys original show called Godless. This western mini-series follows the story of an infamous outlaw (played by Jeff Daniels) chasing down his partner-turned-enemy across the 1880s American West. [23] In retaliation, Chase ordered the Forbes tent colony destroyed. Initially built in the narrow confines of East Willow Creek Canyon, the town eventually spilled out of the gulch into the broad plain west of town. They used an improvised armored car, mounted with a machine gun the union called the "Death Special", to patrol the camp's perimeters. Western History Collections / University of Oklahoma Library. Nearly 15 years before there was a town called Creede, a hotel opened at Wagon Wheel Gap. On June 5, 1892 a fire destroyed most of the business district. Water Tank Hill Productions, 1994. A later hunting-gathering group, known today as the Utes, also migrated through the San Juan Mountains according to the seasonspushing into the high country in the summer and returning to lower, protected valleys in the winter. Native people gave special significance to the formations in the Wheeler Geologic Area. When Packers group left the Ute camp of Chief Ouray, near present-day Delta, in February 1874, they were warned that they would never make it through the mountains because of severe winter storms. Jesse F. Welborn, president of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. A series of floods and fires destroyed the original buildings in East Willow Creek Canyon. She said that, in addition to men who were killed, a total of 55 women and children had died in the massacre. Kit Carsons brother-in-law, Tom Boggs, and several other settlers began farming at Wagon Wheel Gap as early as 1840. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.70. Creede held its first election July 12, 1892 at which Mayor Hurlburt, and Aldermen Long, McConnel, Burns, Gipson, Kelly, and Morrow were elected. City of Creede, A Colorado Town Welcome! Final Report and Testimony Submitted to Congress by the Commission of Industrial Relations, The Colorado Miners' Strike. In retaliation for the massacre at Ludlow, bands of armed miners attacked dozens of anti-union establishments, destroying property and engaging in several skirmishes with the Colorado National Guard along a 225-mile (362km) front from Trinidad to Louisville. He claimed that as each man died, the others were forced to eat the flesh of the dead to stay alive. Featuring 95% public lands, residents and visitors find untouched mountain scenery, abundant opportunities for hiking, camping, skiing, fishing and hunting, and remote mines and ghost towns to explore. [10] Its report, published in 1915, was influential in promoting child labor laws and an eight-hour work day. Alfred Packer was accused of cannibalism and murder. [39] While Linderfelt was found responsible for the deaths of Tikas and other strikers that exhibited execution-style injuries, he and all others were acquitted. Photo from The Survey, 1915, shows "a closer view of the destruction wrought at Ludlow.". He was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to serve 40 years. [67], In 1996, the 19131914 Colorado Coalfield War Project began under the leadership of Randall H. McGuire of Binghamton University, Dean Saitta of University of Denver, and Philip Duke of Fort Lewis College, who later formed the Ludlow Collective. Philip S. Van Cise in the Transcript of the Court of Inquiry Ordered by Gov. Tikas had been shot in the back. M.V.B. The Colorado Fuel & Iron Company mixed immigrants of different nationalities in the mines to discourage communication that might lead to organization. The 2017 Netflix drama Godless takes place partly in Creede. An estimated 10,000 people poured into the . Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. After his marriage, Kelly drifted to Pueblo where he worked on the police force, but was eventually suspended. Curfews were imposed. A group of Ludlow strikers in front of the Ludlow tent colony site. Castle Rock Photo Gallery - Creede, Colorado ca. Over time, Alferd Packer has come to be an antihero of sorts in Colorado. That April, Packer stumbled into the Los Pinos Agency alone. Soldiers from the Colorado National Guard and private guards employed by Colorado Fuel and Iron Company (CF&I) attacked a tent colony of roughly 1,200 striking coal miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914. [18], Creede's boom lasted until 1893, when the Silver Panic hit the silver mining towns in Colorado. (He was not convicted of cannibalism because it isnt illegal, per se. Two months later, in late April, Packer stumbled across a frozen lake at the Los Pios Agency alone, and surprisingly well fed for having spent months lost in the Colorado wilderness. The group was under provisioned for the difficult trip; They had no snowshoes, a few matches, no flint, no warm clothes and few weapons. This website was created for Colorado residents and visitors who are interested in the history of the towns and places along the Silver Thread Byway and uses milepost markers along Highway 149. . [9] Congress responded to public outrage by directing the House Committee on Mines and Mining to investigate the events. On mineral mountains feed, While this meeting was progressing, two militias installed a machine gun on a ridge near the camp and took positions along a rail route about half a mile south of Ludlow. When questioned, Packer told various conflicting tales about how other members of the party had killed each other and how they had resorted to eating the bodies for food. Protesters led by Ferrer Center anarchists Alexander Berkman and Carlo Tresca followed when Rockefeller Jr. fled 30 miles (48km) upstate to the family estate near Tarrytown. The camp leader, Louis Tikas, left to meet with Major Patrick J. Hamrock at the train station in Ludlow village, .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 mile (800m) from the colony. The site is consequently one of the best-preserved archaeological remains of such an encampment, and the monument is one of the earliest to commemorate a labor action of this type. The massacre site is owned by the United Mine Workers of America, which erected a granite monument in memory of those who died that day. Hay became a major commodity for the mining camps at Summitville and Lake City. There were 275 housing units at an average density of 454.0 per square mile (175.3/km2). The last of Colorado's great silver strikes, the town of Creede boomed after its namesake, Nicholas Creede, discovered silver along Willow Creek in 1889. At dusk a passing freight train stopped on the tracks in front of the Guards' machine-gun placements, allowing many of the miners and their families to escape to an outcrop of hills to the east called the Black Hills. [23], The strikers persevered until the spring of 1914. Her mother took her and her siblings away as violence escalated; they traveled by train to Trinidad, Colorado. Fords spinal cord was severed along with his jugular vein. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males. PO Box 580, Creede, CO 81130 719-658-2374. Photo caption reads: "Officers of the Colorado National Guard. [citation needed], Rockefeller Jr. also brought in pioneer public relations expert Ivy Lee, who warned that the Rockefellers were losing public support and developed a strategy that Rockefeller followed to repair it. Frustrated by working conditions they found unsafe and unjust, colliers increasingly turned to unions. From left to right: Captain R. J. Linderfelt, Lieut. We are a statutory town located in Southwest Colorado at the headwaters of the Rio Grande River. Are lined with purest gold. While the show captures some of the culture and atmosphere that might have been found in Creede during 1880s, thats where the historical accuracy seems to start and stop. P.O. By 1892 over a million dollars in silver had shipped down-valley. The prediction came true, for everyone but Alfred Packer. [63], On May 7, 2003, vandals attacked the monument cutting off the sold granite/marble head of the male figure and the arm of the female figure. Nine years later, Packer was captured in Wyoming and brought back to trial in Lake City. Clay Mine, c1930 - Creede Historical Society #3016-MCL-17, San Juan Ranch, c1922 - Creede Historical Society #2932-HR-54, Wason Ranch House, c1920 - Creede Historical Society #2220-HR-27, Bachelor, aerial view, c1892 - Creede Historical Society #2194-MC-1c1, Amethyst Band, Creede Camp, c1895 - Creede Historical Society #1923-R-18, Amethyst & Last Chance Mines, Stumptown, postcard- Creede Historical Society #1885-MW-1c4, Commodore Mine #3, 1900 - Creede Historical Society #1845-MHC-18c1, Arrival of D&RG in Creede, c1892 - Creede Historical Society 620-RR-5c1, View in Canyon Above Jimtown, 1982 - Creede Historical Society #616-RR-2, Stringtown Water Tower with Ice, c1892- Creede Historical Society #464-CRS-3c2, Creede Original Town Site July 1892 - Creede Historical Society #450-CRO-6c1, Aerial View of Creede fom Mammoth Mt 1902 - Creede Historical Society #377-CR-55, Creede Downtown, c1920 - Creede Historical Society #338-R-24c2, Main Street, Jimtown - May 23, 1892 - Creede Historical Society #309-CR-6c4, Dr. and Mrs. Faunce at Wetherill Ranch c. 1925 - Creede Historical Society #288-HR-3.1, Death of Bob Ford, 1892 - Creede Historical Society #1948-CE-1c5, Downtown Creede Flood, 1892 - Creede Historical Society #1307-D-2. And there is no night in Creede. Offer subject to change without notice. At least 50 people, including those at Ludlow, were killed during the ten days of fighting between the guards and miners. Gerry, an ardent southern democrat, found Packer guilty. Dug from the dreary earth. You have permission to edit this article. Another Colorado town, Leadville, makes a quick appearance, as characters walk past the Leadville Exchange Bank.. He prohibited discrimination against workers who had belonged to unions and ordered the establishment of a company union. Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. The price of silver plummeted, and most of the silver mines were closed. After a fire destroyed the downtown portion of Creede, Ford was again without a place of business. Soldiers of the Colorado National Guard deployed in Ludlow. The series premiere of writer-director-creator Scott Frank's Godless, "An Incident at Creede" (referring to the aforementioned massacre), parades its cast of familiar and friendly faces before. Characters also mention a place called Doubtful Canyon, saying that its a few miles outside of Creede. Other famous people in Creede were Robert Ford (the man who killed outlaw Jesse James), Bat Masterson, and William Sidney "Cap" Light (the first deputy sheriff in Creede, and brother-in-law of Soapy Smith). The site itself is on private land and should be respected. Ouray warned the group that even the Utes, who had been living and hunting in the region for hundreds of years, wouldnt attempt such a crossing. Initially built in the narrow confines of East Willow Creek Canyon, the town eventually spilled out of the gulch into the broad plain west of town. Don't Threaten. [61] The monument was damaged in May 2003 by unknown vandals. He and his wife Dot lived upstairs and operated the Creede Exchange on the lower floor. [19] Those who went on strike were evicted from their company homes and moved to tent villages prepared by the union. Eventually Jimtown appropriated the name "Creede." Prospectors and families alike abandoned the other camps and moved to the little town at the mouth of Willow Creek Canyon with its brick stores and electric streetlights. A decade later, Kelly was pardoned and set free, later to be killed in Oklahoma City. In September 1913 the United Mine Workers of America called a strike. The following summer, the bodies of the five explorers were discovered at this site, with evidence that their skulls had been crushed as they slept. While there is a Doubtful Canyon in the United States, its located in southeastern New Mexico, not Colorado. The men rushed to the assistance of their families; and as they did so, they were dropped as the whirring messengers of death sped surely to the mark into the cellarsthe pits of hell under their blazing tentscrept the women and children, less fearful of the smoke and flames than of the nameless horror of the spitting bullets. Packer said that the party became lost in a severe winter storm, they lost their direction, and they ran out of food. [2]:272[25] Their bodies lay along the Colorado and Southern Railway tracks for three days in full view of passing trains. Of high or lowly birth - Linderfelt, Sgt. An estimated 10,000 silver-seekers rushed to Creede in the first two years after its 1891 founding, squeezing the town in between towering cliffs. William C. Danks, and Capt. Creede, Colorado, 81130 United States 37.8839, -106.7837 Book a hotel on Kayak . The state had also run out of money to maintain the Guard, and Ammons decided to recall them. [35] The fighting ended only after President Woodrow Wilson sent in federal troops. While Lake City was still undeveloped, people explored the mountains in search of gold and silver. To break or prevent strikes, the coal companies hired strike breakers, mainly from Mexico and southern and eastern Europe. A variety of Native American peoples frequented the Upper Rio Grande Valley long before western Europeans knew of its existence. Today, the area has become a tourism hub of the area, attracting people that come for the "Bachelor Loop," a road that passes many abandoned mines. A sign along Colorado 149 clearly marks the location. The steel-covered car was built at the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company plant in Pueblo, Colorado, from the chassis of a large touring sedan. Creede was one of the few lucky silver mining towns that never became a ghost town. City of Creede GIS Map. The remains were examined by local authorities and buried on the site. (Creede Original Town Site, 1892 - Historical Society Archive #450-CRO-6c1), Along with the prospectors and miners came gamblers, saloonkeepers and ladies of the evening. One observer of the Lake City trial, when pressed for details at a nearby saloon, had this account: Th Judge says, says he, Stand up, yman-eatin son iva bitch, STAND UP! Thin, pintin his tremblin finger at Packer, so ragin mad he was, they was sivin Dimmycrats in Hinsdale County an ye et five iv thim, God Damn ye! Kenneth Jessen has been a Loveland resident since 1965. While Creede plays an integral part in the plotline of Godless, several of the locations mentioned in the show seem to be hypothetical. fired the two largest buildingsthe strikers' storesand going from tent to tent, poured oil on the flimsy structures, setting fire to them. The gambler Poker Alice lived for a time in Creede as well as several other locations in Colorado. Success! While the world is filled with sorrow, Bob Ford wandered to New Mexico, earning what he could by posing at dime museums. pp. Tikas had remained in the camp the entire day and was still there when the fire started. The median income for a household in the town was $30,893, and the median income for a family was $34,125. The crafty homesteader opened a toll road, but the hefty fee caused disgruntled travelers to proclaim that Wason must have been a pirate on the high seas before settling on the Rio Grande. The Rockefellers were able both to resolve the conflict, and present a more humanized versions of their leaders. The Rio Grande and its tributary trout streams provide excellent opportunities for fly fishermen and its unspoiled headwaters in the Weminuche Wilderness are a favorite for hikers. [32] The report also blamed the looting that occurred afterward on "Troop 'A'", a unit composed largely of non-uniformed mine guards who had been integrated into the Guard. On March 10, 1914, a replacement worker's body was found on the railroad tracks near Forbes, Colorado. [14]:19 The tonnage system drove many poor and ambitious colliers to gamble with their lives by neglecting precautions and taking on risk, with consequences that were often fatal. Henry C. Meeves and Richard P. Darnell (1968), Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 21:44, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, "Decennial Census P.L. PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK. The river has played a critical role in the development of farming and ranching in the Valley. Meeting Packets HERE! Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population. The train scene was filmed on trains belonging to Creede Railroad Company. The town leapt from a population of 600 in 1889 to more than 10,000 people in December 1891. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, Soapy Smith, owner of the Orleans Club, soon declared himself boss of Creede. About 12.2% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over. His name is used in numerous restaurants and menu items, including the cafeteria grill at University of Colorado in Boulder. When an injured outlaw shows up at her ranch, a headstrong widow sees that her life -- and the lives of those close to her -- will never be the same. When two of the militias' dynamite explosionsdetonated to draw support from the National Guard units at Berwind and Cedar Hillalerted the Ludlow tent colony, the miners took up positions at the bottom of the hill. Its first mayor was Edward Morton. Beautiful Drive. The anti-gambling movement in Denver had ceased, and the Denver businessmen moved back to their former areas of operation. Yah voracious man-eatin sonofabitch when yah came to Hinsdale County, there was siven dimmycrats, but you, yah et five of em, goddam yah. So quoted a Lake City newspaper of Judge M.B. Bat Masterson, of Dodge City-Wyatt Earp fame, operated another saloon for a Denver firm. Buried in Littleton, Colorado, Packer was never found guilty of cannibalism but will always be known as the Colorado Cannibal. In 1890, the Upper Rio Grande Valleys destiny changed dramatically. Opening hours: Tue - Sat: 10am - 3pm (closed on Sun & Mon) 3. I sintins ye t be hanged be th neck ontil yere dead, dead, DEAD, as a warnin agin reducin th Dimmycratic popyalachun in th state!. The union decided to focus on the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company because of its harsh management tactics under the conservative and distant Rockefellers and other investors. Beginning in 1900, the United Mine Workers of America began organizing coal miners in the western states, including southern Colorado. John D. Rockefeller Jr., a part-owner of CF&I who had recently appeared before a United States congressional hearing on the strikes, was widely blamed for having orchestrated the massacre. Her father was a miner and she was born in the camp. Creede incorporated on June 13, 1892, only 8 days after a great fire burned much of the town to the ground. One man counted the bodies of nine little children, taken from one ashy pit, their tiny fingers burned away as they held to the edge in their struggle to escape thugs in State uniform hacked at the lifeless forms, in some instances nearly cutting off heads and limbs to show their contempt for the strikers. accounts, the history behind an article. Believe it or not, this isnt the first time Creede has found its way to the silver screen. (Located on private property; DO NOT TRESPASS). It is the most populous community and the only incorporated municipality within the county. [29] Created by artists Chev and Ted Yund, the fork is made of aluminum and weighs over 600 pounds (270kg). The last three were in the Ludlow battle of April 20, 1914.". [2]:199 But owning the towns gave companies considerable control over all aspects of workers' lives, and they did not always use this power to augment public welfare. The familiar song continued to haunt him wherever he went: Rumors of a new silver strike prompted Ford to move to Creede. Prospectors and other travelers, lured by the wealth of the San Juans mineral fields, coursed toll roads linking Lake City with supply towns in the San Luis Valley. Turn left. Just after the road veers left and crosses a little bridge, look on the left for the large "Alferd Packer Massacre Site" sign. Here meek and mild eyed burros There were 181 households, out of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. [citation needed], The last survivor of the Ludlow Massacre, Ermenia "Marie" Padilla Daley, was 3 months old during the event. Rockefeller had to overcome his shyness, go to Colorado to meet the miners and their families, inspect the homes and the factories, attend social events, and listen closely to the grievances. Boughton, Major Edward J., Capt. Karl LinderfeltPatrick J. HamrockGen. Creede after the June 1892 Fire . Bob Ford, reputed slayer of Jesse James, opened a dance hall and saloon. Creede Underground Mining Museum and Community Center. [40], An Episcopalian minister, Reverend John O. Ferris, pastored Trinity Church in Trinidad and another church in Aguilar. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. Government Printing Office. His original tale of each man succumbing to the elements and being eaten was replaced by various other. Five gold-seeking men hired Alfred Packer to guide them from Salt Lake City to the Los Pinos Agency, near present-day Gunnison, Colorado. The uproar brought results with the State of Colorado buying the toll road right-of-way from Wason. Profile Born: January 31, 1860 Died: June 8, 1892 ( age 32) Robert Ford and Governor Crittenden Robert Ford was an outlaw who shot Jesse James in the back of the head on April 3, 1882. Company towns indeed brought tangible improvements to many colliers' lives, including larger houses, better medical care, and broader access to education. Colorado National Guard using a tripod-mounted M1895 Colt-Browning machine gun. [37] Twenty-two National Guardsmen, including 10 officers, were court-martialed. He was convicted of killing the men and desecrating their bodies. Tikas and the other two captured miners were later found shot dead. Visit "Where can I get vaccinated" or call 1-877-COVAXCO (1-877-268-2926) for vaccine information. [2]:96 Colorado's coal industry was dominated by a handful of operators. However, the cold mountain winters were not favorable to permanent native settlements. Signup today for free and be the first to get notified on new updates. The racial makeup of the town was 96.82% White, 1.33% Native American, and 1.86% from two or more races. If You Go The original location for the burial of Bob Ford was in the Creede Cemetery located a half mile out of the town of Creede off of County Road 504 on Bee. for the magazine Mother Earth. Threats of harming another Located in Southwestern Colorado in Mineral County, Creede was a booming mining town during the late-1800s, now home to only around 300 residents (down from an estimated 10,000). When leasing the sites, the union had selected locations near the mouths of canyons that led to the coal camps in order to block any strikebreakers' traffic. The major coal companies rejected the demands. Bob Ford had many friends in Creede, and the funeral was the largest in the towns history. Address: #9 Usfs Rd #503, Creede, CO 81130. Be Proactive. [14][15], While Creede was booming, the capital city of Denver, Colorado was experiencing a reform movement against gambling clubs and saloons. Heres a shot of the actual Creede for comparison. Young-looking Bob Ford poses with a Colt revolver unlike the Smith & Wesson he used to kill Jesse James. [citation needed], At its peak in 1910, the coal mining industry of Colorado employed 15,864 people, 10% of jobs in the state. [2]:138139Between 1884 and 1912 mining accidents claimed the lives of more than 1,700 in Colorado. The silver panic of 1893 also threatened to bring an end to Nicholas Creedes bonanza. Ten days of increased fighting followed by federal military intervention. Armed United Mine Workers of America strikers, Ludlow 1914. In early July, a failed bomb plot on the Tarrytown estate ended with a dynamite explosion in East Harlem and three dead anarchists. but it can also be stressful. The hot springs at Wagon Wheel Gap also were a favored site. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism Cullen, State of Colorado Archives. [6] From the strike's beginning in September 1913 to intervention by federal soldiers under President Woodrow Wilson's orders on April 29, 1914, an estimated 69 to 199 people were killed during the strike. Here's a land where all are equalOf high or lowly birth -A land where men make millionsDug from the dreary earth.Here meek and mild eyed aburrosOn mineral mountains feed,It's day all day in the day-timeAnd there is no night in Creede. Colorado National Guard General John Chase. Many stories came from this trial. Archeological evidence reveals that Paleo-hunters camped in the high country. They viewed themselves as heroes for having rid Missouri of its most-wanted criminal. [45], Over time, Ludlow has assumed "a striking centrality in the interpretation of the nation's history developed by several of the most important left-leaning thinkers of the 20th century. The corpses were in a state of extreme decay and showed signs of butchery. The attack was launched while the residents were attending a funeral of two infants who had died a few days earlier. [11] Subsequent investigations immediately following the massacre and modern archeological efforts largely support some of the strikers' accounts of the event. He and two other men were captured by the militia. [37] In the end, the strikers' demands were not met, the union did not obtain recognition, and many striking workers were replaced. April 1914 massacre of strikers and families during the Colorado Coalfield War Ludlow Massacre Part of Colorado Coalfield War Ruins of the Ludlow Colony in the aftermath of the massacre Date April 20, 1914 (1914-04-20) Location Ludlow, Colorado, U.S. Website. Silver ore was discovered in the area in the mid-1800's, and in the late 1880's mines were built to extract the silver ore. . Located in Southwestern Colorado in Mineral County, 21 Colorado Film Locations You Can Actually Visit, Snapshots of Creede, the Ghost Town that Never Died, Upper Colorado basin states postpone release of water to Lake Powell, Denver Broncos treat players' families poorly, claims NFLPA report, More snow to hit southwest Colorado, up to 36 inches possible, Polis rolls out 150th anniversary license plates, 360 inches of snow: Map shows breakdown of snowfall around Colorado, Already at seasonal snowfall average, Colorado resort extends season at two properties. After a month-long manhunt by the Lake City community, the two culprits were found dead of an apparent murder-suicide under a nearby tree in deep snow. Approximately 21 people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. Ford ran the faro table and quickly became a favorite among Creedes lawless element. The research, writing and production of this interpretive booklet were made possible by grants from the following generous organizations: Federal Highway Administration Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), colorado Historical Society, Western Colorado Interpretive Association (WCIA), Hinsdale County Lodging Tax Panel, Lake City Chamber of Commerce, the Creede and Mineral County Chamber of Commerce, the Silver Thread Scenic and Historic Byway Council, and the Rio Grande Watershed Emergency Action Coordination Team. Mining was dangerous and difficult work. [66] The group worked to develop programming in the state, such as lectures and exhibits, to commemorate the Ludlow workers' struggle and raise awareness of the massacre.
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