K Stolz During the study period, power plants in the United States emitted an estimated annual average of 2,491,971 metric tons of carbon dioxide, 10,431 metric tons of sulfur dioxide, and 4,212 metric tons of nitric oxides (27). Accessed December 6, 2014, US Power Plant Global Warming Emissions Rising in 2013 AfterYears of Decline, Birth defects in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Germany, Congenital anomalies, prematurity, and low birth weight rates in relation to nuclear power plant proximity, Pregnancy outcome of women in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Taiwan, Increased risk of preterm delivery in women residing near thermal power plants in Taiwan, Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model to estimate public health impacts of PM, Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis, The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes, Fuel sources and carbon dioxide emissions by electric power plants in the United States, Published March 2009. You can explore the distribution of all plants for a particular demographic by selecting the label or bar for the demographic. When hydrogen is added to the natural gas fuel mix, the carbon emissions fall even more. Therefore, we were not able to account for local variation smaller than this spatial resolution. This practice, although For term LBW, only those living between 10 and 20 km away from any power plant had increased odds. H A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. To describe exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy and throughout the study period according to nearest power plants, we used scatterplots with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) functions (smooth = 0.5) to display averaged daily concentrations during the first trimester (y-axis) by date of delivery (x-axis), as well as daily concentrations (y-axis) by date during the study period (x-axis). We wish to thank the Florida Department of Health for supplying the data. EH Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million miles(assuming an emissions rate of 8.18 grams of NOx per mile) in a diesel school bus, one of the most-polluting types of vehicles. In populous cities, the percentage of deaths attributable to PM2.5 and ozone ranges from 3.5% in San Jose to 10% in Los Angeles (both in California) (9). How much NOx is coming from natural gas power plants? That is where things get complicated. We also found that gas and oil plants had a positive association with adverse birth outcomes, especially PTD and VPTD. JJ These steps and processes may be integrated into one unit or operation, be performed in a different order or at alternative locations (such as a (lease separator, field facilities, or natural gas processing plants), or not be required at all. Morara RD Official websites use .gov Furthermore, among the case groups, the percentages of women who had lower education, were black, lived in neighborhoods with lower income, were unmarried, had no prenatal care, smoked, or drank alcohol during pregnancy were higher compared with those in the control group (Table1). However, in addition to adjustment for maternal education, which serves as a proxy for socioeconomic status, we also adjusted for census-tract-level median household income from the US Census 2000 to control for ecological (or population-level) socioeconomic status factors. Bremner The electric power sector is a large source of U.S. CO 2 emissions. The following sections are presented below: There are over 3,400 fossil fuel-fired power plants in the United States. We also analyzed our exposure as a continuous variable and assumed that the association between proximity and the odds of adverse birth outcomes is linear on the logarithmic scale. HS These keydemographicsand information about nearby power plants may help identify a community's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. D Bremner Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. BE When stratifying by different fuel type, we found that only solid waste had an association with term LBW, whereas oil, gas, and solid waste all had an association with PTD and VPTD. This is especially true because the by-products of coal plants also include toxic components including sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides, all of which are also associated with negative health outcomes (32). Initial calculations conducted by the USB determined that about 400,000 standard cubic feet of natural gas had been released into the atmosphere within the 10 minutes prior to the incident. When natural gas arrives at the locations where it will be used (usually through large pipelines), it flows into smaller diameter pipelines called mains and then into smaller service lines that go directly to homes or buildings. Wu X Buonocore Researchers from this study found no evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power lines. Brook In the graph below, the low-income(verticalaxis) and the people of color(horizontal axis) are plotted for the communitiesaround each U.S. fossil fuel-fired power plant. Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. . Exposures to levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) stratified by power plant type in Florida from 2003 to 2005. Furthermore, we were not able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission. D Comprehensive data summaries, comparisons, analysis, and projections integrated across all energy sources. We unfortunately did not have residential mobility information to address this issue. et al. Martinez These associations remained consistent for PTD and VPTD when exposures were categorized (Table2). Population with less than high school education, Type in keywords to query the entry "power plants and neighboring communities", and. I Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Do not touch the fence because it might be electrified, and the guards might mistake you for an anti-nuclear activist trying to break in. Apart fr VPTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation. This method assumes that pregnant women stayed at those same addresses throughout their pregnancy. EM For example, among those with term LBW, the percentage of those who lived within 5 km of any power plant (16.1%) was higher than that of controls (14.9%). J In the categorical exposure analyses, we made a fundamental assumption that each power plant has a uniform effect on participants within a certain buffer. Lanki Our results for covariates were consistent with those of other studies. To make long-term gains against infection inequity, infectious disease epidemiology needs to develop a more sociological imagination. Figure1 shows a map of the spatial distribution of active power plants and the average annual PM2.5 concentrations in Florida during 20032005. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. For each demographic, the percentages of these communities within three miles of a power plant greater than and less than the national averages are displayed. Moreover, there is recent evidence suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants may be increasing (16). Hodges Our study found evidence of increasing odds of adverse birth outcomes among infants born to pregnant women living closer to power plants. et al. There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside The pamphlet I got in the mail the other day shows drawings that include three gas turbines, three step up transformers, gas compressor building and three stack towers coming off the turbines. UCS recently co-sponsored a bill in the California legislature that was designed to shed light on pollution from natural gas power plants and require better planning for pollution reductions from plants. Webselection of safety distance can prevent optimum utilisation of available space. Electric power sector power plants that burned fossil fuels or materials made from fossil fuels, and some geothermal power plants, were the source of about 32% of total U.S. energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2021.. De Mouzon Coal was strongly associated with all adverse birth outcomes (Table4). . Air pollution has been extensively linked to many negative health outcomes ranging from cardiorespiratory diseases (13) to hospitalizations (46) and mortality (7, 8). et al. Strmgren We further stratified analyses for different types of plants. ML This analysis yielded results consistent with proximity to power plants as a measure of exposure. It is based on nationally consistent data and uses an approach that combines environmental indicatorsand demographics in maps and reports. Chang These mortality estimates were significantly higher for the older population. For example, higher exposure to sulfur dioxide has been linked to PTD among singleton births (28) and decreased term birth weight (29). For controls, we used eligible births that had none of the 3 outcomes we assessed. In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). For each plant, EPA summarized population percentages ofsix key demographics and demographic indexfor the neighboring communities located within three miles of each plant. Valero De Bernab Natural gas power plants emit more NOx when they are starting up; on average, they emit anywhere between three and seven times as much NOx during start-up than during one hour of full-load operation. N Natural gas is burned to generate heat, electricity, and hot water. Chen Albaladejo R To compare continuous and categorical characteristics for participants with and without the 3 adverse birth outcomes, we performed t tests and 2 tests. et al. McMillan 2023 ZDNET, A Red Ventures company. Energy & Financial Markets: What Drives Crude Oil Prices? One may argue that potential confounding may be caused by other variables that we did not adjust for. Association Between Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. update email soon. (617) 547-5552. On average, males weigh 150 and 200 g more than females (36) given term birth, and they have a 9%24% increased risk for PTD (37). Maps, tools, and resources related to energy disruptions and infrastructure. Because of the use of proximity and the unavailability of specific pollutant data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model, we were unable to disentangle the specific pollutant. However, we have also used a fully adjusted model with all covariates in our directed acyclic graph. L Although we chose PM2.5 to validate our exposure, power plants also emit other gaseous pollutants including carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides (41), all of which are highly correlated (30). Additional layers which can be toggled on/off include power plant emissions, area demographics, and tribal areas. Thus, the primary purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to estimate the association between residential proximity to power plants and risk of adverse birth outcomes including term low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery (PTD), and very preterm delivery (VPTD) among singleton births in Florida from 2004 to 2005. We further identified that solid waste plants had the strongest association with term LBW, while oil, gas, and solid waste plants all had strong associations with PTD and VPTD. (* edit). Chang LA KO spreadsheet presents all the information available through EPA's environmental justice mapping and screening tool,EJSCREEN. The study also found that women living near 1 or more power plants located within a 20 km radius from their residence had higher odds of adverse birth outcomes.
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