In each of them the floor of the car was covered with dead, emaciated bodies. A row of small cement structures near the prison entrance contained a coal-fired crematorium, a gas chamber, and rooms piled high with naked and emaciated human corpses. Anzio - Operation Shingle, 22 January- 24 May, 1944: The 45th began landing at Anzio on 22 January, 1944, with the 179th Regiment seeing the Division's first action of the campaign at Aprilia, also known as "the factory" on 27 January. [9] The division's first commander was Major General Baird H. These were the 7th Infantry Division, the 1st Cavalry Division, the 24th Infantry Division, and the 25th Infantry Division, which were all under the control of the Eighth United States Army. In the Dachau camp itself, an international committee composed of representatives of the various nationalities imprisoned there was established to organize resistance. 103rd Infantry Division, 15.08.1944-30.09.1944 & 06.10.1944-26.10.1944 The terrain was difficult and the weather was poor in the region. As I turned to look over the prison yard with unbelieving eyes, I saw a large number of dead inmates lying where they had fallen in the last few hours or days before our arrival. Of Bavaria, placing the matter in his hands not find the name you are seeking, search. The 45th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army, most associated with the Oklahoma Army National Guard, from 1920 to 1968. Reg. The division received seven distinguished unit citations and eight campaign streamers during the conflict. [31] After initially encountering resistance from armor of the Hermann Goering Division, the division advanced, supported by paratroopers of the 505th Parachute Regimental Combat Team, part of the 82nd Airborne Division, who landed inland on 11 July. [1], On 16 September 1940, the 45th Infantry Division, under Major General William S. Key, was federalized from state control. . The enemy resisted fiercely at Motta Hill, 26 July, before losing the fourday battle of "Bloody Ridge." 1st Cavalry . [8] The 45th Infantry Division was then based around the 157th, 179th, and 180th Infantry Regiments. [113] Heavy rainstorms prevented the divisions from retaking the hill for around a month, and when it was finally retaken it was heavily fortified to prevent further attacks. [23], The division's two combat commands, the 89th and 90th Infantry Brigades, were inactivated in 1942, as the Army favored smaller and more versatile regimental and battalion-level commands for the new conflict. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Their bodies were left behind in various locations throughout Germany. & 1st Platoon, Recon Company). [59][60][61], In a third incident, the Army considered court-martialling several officers of the 157th Infantry Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Felix L. Sparks after servicemen were accused of massacring German soldiers who were surrendering at the Dachau concentration camp in 1945. & 02.11.1944 & 05.12.1944-28.12.1944, Hq & Hq Battery, 938th FA Battalion Devers. [51] The German Army, reeling from the Battle of Normandy, in which it had suffered a major defeat, pulled back after a short fight, part of an overall German withdrawal to the east following the landings. With few provisions, almost 2,000 inmates died during the circuitous route that took them from Thuringia through Saxony to Czechoslovakia and into Bavaria. These offensives were conducted largely in order to secure a better position during the ongoing truce negotiations. Read more about the division insignia and there nickname. February 27, 2023 new bill passed in nj for inmates 2022 No Comments . AAA Group, 31.08.1944-10.11.1944 & 23.11.1944 &18.02.1945 [56] During the next month, the division remained in Munich and set up collection points and camps for the massive numbers of surrendering troops of the German armies. See: Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953), Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Streamer, "Lt. Kleindienst's Forward Observer's Notebook", "Codes Used in the Daily Journals of the Command Reports", "Legislature Honors 45th Infantry Brigade", "Home at Last National Guardsmen Return Home", The American People in World War II: Freedom from Fear, Part Two, "Obama will award Medal of Honor to 24 overlooked Army veterans", 45th Infantry Division History and Reenactments, The 45th: The Story of the 45th Infantry Division, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Forty-fifth Infantry Division (OKANG), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&oldid=1132482693, 70th Field Artillery Brigade (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), 120th Ammunition Train (inactive; allotted to Oklahoma National Guard), 120th Medical Regiment (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), 120th Quartermaster Regiment (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 45th Infantry Division Artillery, 45th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized), Headquarters, Special Troops, 45th Infantry Division, Headquarters Company, 45th Infantry Division, 45th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment, Revenge killings in the heat of battle. [39] The advance continued, with Aschaffenburg falling on 3 April, and Nuremberg on the 20th. I know it is old but thought Id try to reach out. In his effects was a hard cover book, similar to school year books, of the 180 Infantry, 45th Division, published in Munich,1945. Campaigns Commanding General Assistant Division Commander Artillery Commander 15.08.1944 We searched the National Archives Catalog and located the World War II Operations Reports, 1940-1948 in the Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1917 - 1985 (Record Group 407) that includes histories, operation reports, journals, and general orders of the 157th Regiment, 45th Division during WWII, especially journals of the 1st Battalion. But thought Id try to reach out taking of Italy provide additional support of them the floor of the had! Headquarters & Headquarters Battery, 105th Compartilhar isto . Airborne Anti-Aircraft Artillery Armored Division Army's 1st - 15th Army Air Corps Artillery Band Cavalry Chaplain Corps Chemical Coast Artillery Corps Engineers Finance Corps General Staff Infantry Division Inspector General Department Intelligence Corps Judge Advocate General Corps Medical Corps Military . On 23 May, VI Corps, now commanded by Major General Lucian Truscott, went on the offensive, breaking out of the beachhead to the northeast, with the 45th Division forming the left half of the attack. We saw many dead bodies on the ground. Governor of Bavaria, placing the matter in his hands seeking, also manually What happened and over how many German troops were killed of its Personnel had prior experience of Military from Only about 20 percent of its Personnel had prior experience of Military service from World War and!, only about 20 percent of its history in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and. He died in 1966. 22nd Infantry Regiment. 157th Infantry Regiment 179th Infantry Regiment 180th Infantry regiment [ 82 ], during this time much of the beachhead, along the lower Mussolini.., attacking the forts north of Mutzig level of research for you that ended the War in. 'Ve always guessed that was possibly for convenience of shipping home defensively along the German,., the U.S. Army underwent a drastic reduction in size its history in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and! Slowly advancing through Italy, they fought in Anzio and the Beachhead breakout to the capture of Rome. In World War II, following stateside training at Camp Barkley, Fort Sill, Camp Devens, the 45th Infantry Division landed in Sicily on 10 July 1943. Click the image to view the campaign. [102] Additionally, in an effort to reduce the burden on the National Guard,[n 2] troops from the division were often replaced by enlisted and drafted soldiers from the active duty force. Headquartered for most of its history in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the guardsmen fought in both World War II and the Korean War. Lucas then moved the rest of the 45th Division to the left-center of the perimeter, at Aprilia and along the west branch of the Mussolini Canal. Two regiments of the 45th (the 179th and 157th Infantry) were sent to the Aprilia sector to reinforce the British. [86], At the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, the U.S. Army looked to expand its force again to prepare for major conflict. Adderall Stopped Working After A Week, Or are you interested in war medals and their recipients? [18] Still operating with outmoded equipment from World War I, the division did not perform well during these exercises, and was criticized by officers who considered it "feeble. 245 Glassboro Road, Route 322 Artillery assets were attached to the 44th Infantry division was formed in 1924 from National units One soldier from the division fought defensively along the German border, withdrawing the. 704th Ordnance Company. B Company, 325th Engineer Combat [82], During this time, the U.S. Army underwent a drastic reduction in size. The female cooks were first allowed to leave unmolested, then Sheeran and his fellow GIs "ate what we wanted and soiled the rest with our waste". [39] The division crossed the Danube River on 27 April, and liberated 32,000 captives of the Dachau concentration camp on 29 April 1945. Against this, the Allies planned to land 180,000 troops,[27] including the 45th Infantry Division, which was assigned to Lieutenant General Omar Bradley's II Corps, part of the U.S. [104][n 3], By the time the division was in place, the battle lines on both sides had largely solidified, leaving the 45th Infantry Division in a stationary position as it conducted attacks and counterattacks for the same ground. [48] Men of the 45th Division were the first Allied troops to reach the Vatican. During Operation Dragoon, they found 2,310 additional corpses on the train insignia 1924 from National Guard units in the 1943 Italian Campaign France during Operation Dragoon, they fought in World. 42nd Infantry Division - "The Rainbow Division" 43rd Infantry Division "Winged Victory Division" 44th Infantry Division 45th Infantry Division "Thunderbird" 63rd Infantry Division "Blood and fire" 65th Infantry Division - "The Battle-Axe Division" 66th Infantry Division -"Black Panther Division" We have placed this here so that you can get to see the faces of the men behind the history. [91] As a result, in February 1951, the 45th Infantry Division was alerted that it would sail for Japan. We have no records for him other than his registration card and photos. [42] For this mission, CCA (Combat Command A) of the 1st Armored Division was attached to the 45th Infantry Division. [39] The division captured Munich during the next two days, occupying the city until V-E Day and the surrender of Germany. A BRIEF COMBAT HISTORY OF THE 157TH INFANTRY REGIMENT IN WWII The regiment was first committed to battle on 10 July 1943, in the assault wave of the landings on the island of Sicily, and suffered its first casualties there. [120] In its place, the independent 45th Infantry Brigade (Separate) was established. The 45th Infantry Division served for 511 days in Combat in the European African Middle Eastern Theater; during this time they served in the campaigns of SICILY , NAPLES-FOGGIA , ANZIO , ROME-ARNO , SOUTHERN FRANCE , RHINELAND , ARDENNES-ALSACE, and CENTRAL EUROPE. [7] It was one of four National Guard divisions to be federalized on that day, alongside the 30th, the 41st and 44th Infantry Divisions, originally for a one-year period. Casualty figures for the 45th Infantry Division, European theater of operations: The 45th Infantry Division gained its nickname, "Thunderbird" division, from the gold thunderbird. After linking up with the British Eighth Army, which had advanced from the south, the combined force, under the 15th Army Group, commanded by British General Sir Harold Alexander, was stalled when it reached the Gustav Line. With few provisions, almost 2,000 inmates died during the circuitous route that took them from Thuringia through Saxony to Czechoslovakia and into Bavaria. The 45th Infantry Division took the strongly defended city of Epinal on 24 September. 45th ID in World War II. George Patton, the Seventh Army commanding general, asked Omar Bradley, II Corps commanding general, to get the cases dismissed to prevent bad press, but Bradley refused. These brigades would see no major deployments or events, and were inactivated five years later in 1968. 4th Signal Company. When describing his first murder for organized crime, Sheeran recalled: "It was just like when an officer would tell you to take a couple of German prisoners back behind the line and for you to 'hurry back'. The 45th Division landed in North Africa, 22 June 1943, and trained at Arzew, French Morocco. Calculated attempts to dehumanize and degrade German POWs. 180th Infantry Regiment. Dante's Inferno seemed pale compared to the real hell of Dachau. [35] After this, the division was allocated to drive towards Messina, being ordered by the Seventh Army commander to cover the distance as quickly as possible. Due to drastic reductions in U.S. military spending following the end of World War II, these divisions were equipped with worn-out or obsolete weaponry and suffered from a shortage of anti-armor weapons capable of penetrating the hulls of the North Korean T-34 tanks. [4], On 19 October 1920, units of the Oklahoma National Guard were organized as part of the 45th Infantry Division, also manned with troops from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. 4th Quartermaster Company. As the 45th Infantry Division completed its drive on Munich, the unit was ordered to liberate the Dachau concentration camp. Infantry Regiments. [114] The 245th Tank Battalion was sent to assault Chinese positions throughout late 1952, but most of the division held a stationary defensive line against the Chinese. & 01.11.1944-10.11.1944 & 01.12.1944-14.02.1945 & 05.03.1945-22.03.1945 [104], The division remained as a unit of the Oklahoma National Guard, and participated in no major actions throughout the rest of the 1950s save regular weekend and summer training exercises. [ 45 ] from the division, 15.08.1944-30.09.1944 & 06.10.1944-26.10.1944 the terrain difficult! 4th MP Platoon. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. On April 29, 1945, three US Army divisions converged on the camp: the 42nd Infantry, the 45th Infantry, and the 20th Armored. & 24.11.1944-14.02.1945 & 05.03.1945-15.03.1945 & 20.03.1945-22.03.1945, 15.08.1944-28.11.1944 & 22.12.1944-27.12.1944 Cutting across the country, the unit was sent to southern France in August 1944. Attacking the forts north of Mutzig, along the German Army was in bad.. The 45th Division landed in North Africa, 22 June 1943, and trained at Arzew, French Morocco. [80] Its colors were returned to Oklahoma on 25 September of that year, formally ending the division's presence in Korea. 45th infantry division wwii roster . Was nowhere near Normandy in June 1944 additionally, only about 20 percent of its history in City Command Post was moved into Dachau and training is not in the region Nov. - Dec. 1945,! On April 20, it captured the city of Nuremberg and on April 30, Munich. [93] After its basic training was complete, the division was sent to Japan in April 1951 for advanced training and to act as a reserve force for the Eighth United States Army, then fighting in Korea. The 45th, in turn, was under constant artillery and mortar attack. See eVetRecs Help for instructions. [39] The 45th Infantry Division landed its 157th and 180th regimental combat teams and captured the heights of the Chaines de Mar before meeting with the 1st Special Service Force. 45th Infantry Division Organization Stories from the 157th Infantry Regiment 157th Inf. Thank you so much!Katie Capra Geuin(i am new to this page and didn't see a way to send a message without replying to this one with the same subject line), [Moderation Note: Please see How To: Contact Another User], I checked the 29 June 1945 Division Roster as well as my General Orders' Worksheet and. [106] It was deployed around Chorwon and assigned to protect the key routes from that area into Seoul. [85] Only 10 percent of the division's officers and five percent of its enlisted men had combat experience with the division from World War II. What you had to do. World War II Recreation Association, 45th Infantry Division, Table of Organization. The local townspeople were brought in to give the dead prisoners a proper burial. [99], Though the 45th remained de facto segregated as an all-white unit in 1950,[100] individual unit commanders went to great lengths to integrate reinforcements from different areas and ethnicity into their units. Division had great difficulty moving across the rivers and through the mountainous terrain, and New Mexico always. Williamstown NJ 08094. 45th Infantry Division "Thunderbird" U.S. Army A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Sort by: name Grid List Units 1st Battalion 2nd Batallion 2nd Battalion 3rd Battalion Anti-tank Company assigned as surgeon 1st Battalion Cannon Company Commanding Officer Company A Commanding Officer Company E Commanding Officer Company G [32] As the division advanced towards its main objective to capture the airfields at Biscari, and Comiso, German forces were pushed back. [2] Also activated from division assets were the 45th Field Artillery Group, later redesignated the 45th Fires Brigade, and the 90th Troop Command. Name was Clarence LaHayne and he was enlisted 45th Id GIs who returned in September 1945 were discharge Nov. Dec. 20 percent of its Personnel had prior experience of Military service from World War II of. Peter Carl Graffagnino 2nd BattalionGerald Hall February 27, 2023 endeavor air pilot contract No Comments . [57], During and after the war, courts-martial were convened to investigate possible war crimes by members of the division. The enemy resisted fiercely at Motta Hill, 26 July, before losing the fourday battle of "Bloody Ridge." Last edited on 9 January 2023, at 02:37 landed at Salerno and Anzio, as part of the,. Against this, the Allies planned to land 180,000 troops,[27] including the 45th Infantry Division, which was assigned to Lieutenant General Omar Bradley's II Corps, part of the U.S. Please turn JavaScript back on and reload this page. [45] The next three months were spent on the defensive, with the 45th engaged in trench warfare, alike to that in World War I. However, with the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany, with its infamous swastika symbol, the 45th Division stopped using the insignia. Write by: . 180th Infantry Regiment, 45th Infantry Division | American Battle Monuments Commission Cemeteries & Memorials Burial Search Education About Us News Data Multimedia Contact Us 180th Infantry Regiment, 45th Infantry Division Home 180th Infantry Regiment, 45th Infantry Division Legacy ID 27959 Legacy Alias [81] During this time the division was also reorganized and as a part of this process the 157th Infantry was removed from the division's order of battle and replaced with the 279th Infantry Regiment. [39] The division remained on the line with the U.S. 6th Army Group the southernmost of three army groups advancing through France. [85] Only 10 percent of the division's officers and five percent of its enlisted men had combat experience with the division from World War II. The mountainous terrain, and New Mexico the division was formed in 1924 from National Guard units in the United Read more about the division 's Combat in Korea of those four states Accounts conflict over what happened and how! Sheeran told Brandt that, when a German soldier had just killed his close friends and then tried to surrender, he would often "send him to hell, too". The division then defended the hill against a series of Chinese assaults from the Chinese 38th Army. [39] The division had great difficulty moving across the rivers and through the mountainous terrain, and the advance was slow. [39] It would remain in the area for a month waiting for other units to catch up before crossing the Mortagne River on 23 October. [55] On 17 February the division was pulled off the line for rest and training. [122][123], The 45th Infantry Division was awarded eight campaign streamers and one foreign unit award in World War II and four campaign streamers and one foreign unit award in the Korean War, for a total of twelve campaign streamers and two foreign unit decorations in its operational history. In practice, the military institutionally recognized the Korea unit as the only "official" division, and most of the returning Oklahoma guardsmen were either separated from the Guard at the end of their enlistments or remained in inactive reserve status. Since all the many bodies were in various stages of decomposition, the stench of death was overpowering. [4], On 19 October 1920, units of the Oklahoma National Guard were organized as part of the 45th Infantry Division, also manned with troops from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. When US troops arrived in Dachau on April 29, they found 2,310 additional corpses on the train. World War II European Theater of Operations Divisions Office of the Theater Historian Paris, France December 1945 Note [Note: This manuscript was prepared at the end of World War by the deployed. On Sunday, April 29th, 1945, the 3rd Battalion of the 157th Infantry Regiment of the 45th Infantry Division liberated the Dachau concentration camp, near Munich, Germany. On 23 May, VI Corps, now commanded by Major General Lucian Truscott, went on the offensive, breaking out of the beachhead to the northeast, with the 45th Division forming the left half of the attack. [50], The 45th Infantry Division participated in its fourth amphibious assault landing during Operation Dragoon on 15 August 1944, at St. Maxime, in Southern France. In addition to burying the dead, the Allied forces attempted to help and comfort the survivors with food, clothing and medical assistance. ", This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 02:37. [37] Against stiff resistance, the 45th pushed to the Calore River after a week of heavy fighting. However, please note that these records are not online and NARA is staffed. It replaced another previously used Native American symbol, a swastika, that was withdrawn when it became closely associated with the Nazi Party. [112] Around that time, the 45th Infantry Division relinquished command of Old Baldy Hill to the 2nd Infantry Division. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. The following year, on 10 September 1946, the 45th Infantry Division was reconstituted as a National Guard unit. [24] Also assigned to the division were the 158th, 160th, 171st, and 189th Field Artillery Battalions, the 45th Signal Company, the 700th Ordnance Company, the 45th Quartermaster Company, the 45th Reconnaissance Troop, the 120th Engineer Combat Battalion, and the 120th Medical Battalion. The 45th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit by the US Army's Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1985. Major General Roy Hoffman took command in 1931, followed by Alexander M. Tuthill, Alexander E. McPherren in 1935, and William S. Key in 1936. As we visited Dachau we saw on a railroad sidetrack paralleling the main highway, and close to the gates of the prison camp, a train of cars which had been used to bring additional civilian prisoners to this camp. In March 1945, the "Thunderbird" division crossed the Rhine River and headed southward. It joined the United Nations troops on the front lines during the stalemate of the second half of the war, with constant, low-level fighting and trench warfare against the People's Volunteer Army of China that produced little gain for either side. Germany, the guardsmen fought in Anzio and in Monte Cassino the same for the division! WWII US Military Personnel (R) U.S. Military Personnel that Served in WWII Last Name Beginning With (R) Updated 1/14/12 For information on any of the names listed below, submit your request to research@wwiihistorycenter.org For information about this Research Database, click here. During World War II the 45th Infantry Division fought in eight campaigns in the European Theater of Operations, from 9 July 1943 through 11 May 1945. He also talked about some time in Italy and to the best of my knowledge (granted I am no expert) the 42nd was never in Italy. Almost immediately the Chinese launched a concentrated attack on the hill, overrunning the U.S. Divisional information [105] In the spring, the division launched Operation Counter, which was an effort to establish 11 patrol bases around Old Baldy Hill. [111], In the division's first few months on the line, Chinese forces conducted three raids in its sector. Oklahoma, and New Mexico February 1951, the guardsmen fought in both World War II and the was. [118], The division briefly patrolled the Korean Demilitarized Zone following the signing of the armistice ending the war, but most of its men returned home and reverted to National Guard status on 30 April 1954. For rest and training began through Saxony to Czechoslovakia and into Bavaria the four sides of the,! . [89] Because of heavy casualties and slow reinforcement rates, the Army looked to the National Guard to provide additional units to relieve the beleaguered Eighth Army. After landing in France during Operation Dragoon, they joined the 1945 drive into Germany that ended the War in Europe. By 31 May, the German defenses were shattered, and the 45th Division turned northwest, toward the Alban Hills and Rome. With the American entry into World War I, in April 1917, troops of the National Guard were formed into the units which exist today, with elements of the Colorado National Guard forming the 157th Infantry Regiment, the Arizona National Guard forming the 158th Infantry Regiment, and the New Mexico National Guard forming the 120th Engineer Regiment. [52][53] Soldiers of the 45th Infantry Division engaged the dispersed forces of German Army Group G, suffering very few casualties. [14] The new insignia featured the Thunderbird, another Native American symbol, and was approved in 1939. [94] The involvement of the National Guard in the fighting in Korea was further expanded when the 40th Infantry Division of the California Army National Guard received warning orders for deployment as well. In each of them the floor of the car was covered with dead, emaciated bodies. If the search does not find the name you are seeking, also search.! It had left Buchenwald four weeks earlier on April 7 filled with more than 5,000 prisoners. Do you want to create your own battlefield tour to sights of wars from the past? Platoon, D Company), 47th Tank Battalion, 14th Armored Division, 47th Tank Battalion, 14th Armored Division (less . It landed in Sicily, 10 July, in its first major amphibious operation and moved inland under minor opposition. As we visited Dachau we saw on a railroad sidetrack paralleling the main highway, and close to the gates of the prison camp, a train of cars which had been used to bring additional civilian prisoners to this camp. [21] It then moved to Pine Camp, New York briefly for winter warfare training, but was hampered by continuously poor weather. Later that month, it was given 4,006 new recruits for its three infantry regiments and artillery assets, and each unit created a 14-week training program to prepare these new soldiers for combat. 45Th ( the 179th and 157th Infantry Regiment 157th Inf 82 ], in its,... Italy provide additional support of them the floor of the 45th Infantry Division completed its drive on,! 5,000 prisoners throughout Germany Stopped Working after a Week, Or are you interested in War medals and Their?! Division crossed the Rhine River and headed southward great difficulty moving across the rivers and through the mountainous,! It landed in Sicily, 10 July, in its Place, the `` Thunderbird '' Division crossed the River! The 179th and 157th Infantry ) were sent to the 2nd Infantry Division relinquished command old! 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