Yes The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-rated scale that evaluates key symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation, suicidal ideas, crying, irritability, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, body image change, work difficulty, insomnia, fatigability, loss of . Content and Use of the Beck Depression Inventory A. BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). The BDI is used to measure the severity of depression. The BDI can also be used to monitor the course of treatment. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, Editor: Chung-Ying Lin, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HONG KONG, Received: June 22, 2017; Accepted: June 13, 2018; Published: June 29, 2018. The psychometric properties of the BDI-SF have been examined in French (Cathebras, Mosnier, Levy, Bouchou, & Rousset, 1994) and Brazilian (Furlanetto, Mendlowicz, & Bueno, 2005) samples. It was also found that the therapy was more successful than drug therapy and had a lower relapse rate, supporting the proposition that depression has a cognitive basis. Health action to be taken in form of counselling about the pros and cons in the early phase can prevent future complications. It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in . BDI assesses key symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation . The authors suggested that the measures assess different underlying aspects of the construct of depression, with the CES-D assessing more of an affective component and the BDI assessing more of a cognitive component. The internal consistency of each factor and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient. Depression is a condition that changes millions of lives in a certain period of time. Scales for both groups had good internal consistencies. Sanz, Perdign, & Vsquez (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish adaptation of the BDI-II with 470 non-clinical adults. Scoring The Beck Depression Inventory. Skorikov, V.B., & Vandervoort, D.J. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Although the age range for the measure is from 17 to 80, the measure has been used in peer-reviewed studies with younger adolescents . They also reported good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity. Clinicians use it as a diagnostic tool to determine what level of treatment a person needs for depression. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. (2005). Individuals treated with interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD also show decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment (Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005). Bifactor models, in contrast, allow to examine a non-hierarchical general factor independently of the specific factors and to simultaneously test the extent to which the common variance between items are explained by the orthogonal general factor and by the specific factors that are tested [32]. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. In addition, they help show that the individual contribution of each specific factor is relatively weak in comparison with the influence exerted by the depression factor. You need to invest in your inventory. [16] two-factor correlated model composed of a cognitive-affective and a somatic factors has been supported in many studies [17,18,19]; there are others studies which identified a single factor [11,20], two alternative factors consisting of somatic-affective and cognitive [21,22], three factors corresponding to cognitive, somatic and affective [23,24,25], and an alternative three-factor model including negative attitude, difficulty and somatic [2329]. The BDI-II includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. "This research had the revision and approval of the National Council of Bioethics in Health/ Consejo Nacional de Biotica en Salud (CONABIOS) of the Dominican Republic. The reference for the manual is: Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Mult Scler. Universidad Nacional d Crdoba, Crdoba, Argentina. Thus, even using the exactly same words the interpretation and meaning may be quite different [45]. Read our. Legal Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7, 187-201. Background: There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). Criterion-based validity have also shown acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the BDI-II for detecting depression, supporting its clinical utility as an aid measure for diagnostic purposes [2,14,15]. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. for only $16.05 $11/page. Collectively, these results support the use of BDI-II in Republic Dominican for assessing depression severity. The 21-item self-administered survey is scored on a scale of 0-3 in a list of four statements arranged in increasing severity about a symptom of depression. Or not? Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is widely used to screen for depression and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression. Carmody (2005) examined the psychometrics of the BDI-II with a diverse group of college students. 2016;13(3):220-228. doi:10.1177/1479972316634604, By Arlin Cuncic Criterion validity, severity cut scores, and test-retest reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a university counseling center sample. BDI-II scores do not appear to be related to ethnicity in adult (Beck et al., 1996) or adolescent samples (Kumar et al., 2002; Steer et al., 1998). The BDI-II is a great tool for diagnosing depression, but it is not a device that is meant to be used in replace of diagnosing depression. According to Steer et al. Some people may underestimate their level of distress, while others may exaggerate their symptoms. That enables the health practitioner to differentiate the repressed and the non-depressed people. There are different versions of the BDI: the original BDI which was published in 1961 and then revised in 1971 (BDI-1A), and the BDI-II which was published in 1961 (Wikipedia, 2007). 2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 568-580. The BDI was designed to measure the severity of depression, as well as to serve as a tool for screening for depression. This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. Dictionary . What Is the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale? 2013;35(4):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. Google Scholar. Yes They found good internal consistency and factoral validity, with factor analysis identifying a general dimension of depression and two related factors, cognitive-affective and somatic-motivational, similar to the factor structure reported in the BDI-II manual. lack of information when it comes to applying the test to other medias. Kumar, G., Steer, R.A., Teitelman, K.B., & Villacis, L. (2002). Sayar, K., Kose, S., Grabe, H.J., & Murat, T. (2005). There was neither difficulty in understanding nor negative commentaries about the scale content. The Beck Anxiety Inventory or (BAI), is a self-report test that contains 21 multiple-choice questions (Likert scale from 0 to 3 in terms of how severe you perceive the symptom) and it is used to measure anxiety symptoms (severity and level) that an . These differences are amplified when the hospital sample is sub-divided and only the psychiatric consultation participants (N = 86) are considered. Use of the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory for screening depression in primary care. The measure has been found to be useful in detecting change in treatment-outcome studies. The BDI-II is widely used and accepted as a measure of depressive symptomatology. To sum up, the CFA results indicate that depression as measured by BDI-II can be conceptualized by cognitive, affective and somatic symptoms, and these symptoms may vary significantly depending on the severity of the depression (i.e., the depression general factor). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck, MD, and colleagues, is a 21-item multiple-choice self-report inventory that measures the severity of an anxiety in adults and adolescents. The authors report that the solution differed from that reported for adults in that the first factor contained both cognitive and affective symptoms. They found that none of the two-factor models have acceptable fit and, in contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models showed good fit indices, concluding that only BDI-II total score should be used to measure the severity of depression. Tests or assessments may also be conducted in order to gain additional information about the patient's mental health. Within the hospital sample, 76.5% came in for routine checkups, 15.3% sought help for cardiac and hypertension conditions and 8.2% went to the psychiatric service. The internal consistency of the BDI-II was 0.9, which means that the items on the questionnaire relate to each other and measure the same construct. The BDI has been developed in different forms, including several computerized forms, a card form (May, Urquhart, Tarran, 1969, cited in Groth-Marnat, 1990), the 13-item short form and the more recent BDI . Journal of Affective Disorders, 86(1), 87-91. Can be administered with the BDI-II and the BHS for a more complete evaluation. Carmody D. P. (2005). Depression InventoryII (BDIII) [5]. The NCTSN is funded by the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and jointly coordinated by UCLA and Duke University. e0199750. The results of the tool are determined by the sum of the ratings, creating a score that ranges anywhere from 0 to 63. This can involve medical examinations and laboratory tests, as well as psychological assessments like the Beck Depression Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Shankman et al., 2018). Thus, in contrast to different authors who advocate the use of BDI-II total scores and questioned the validity of subscales [13,34], the present findings support the use of the BDI-II total score along with scores corresponding to each subscale, in agreement with Beck et al. It has been translated into languages other than English, and its psychometric properties have been established in numerous cultural groups including the deaf population. Similarly, McElroy et al. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. (n.d.). Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(4), 446-462. . Leigh, I.W., & Anthony-Tolbert, S. (2001). Penley, Wiebe, & Nwosu (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish translation of the BDI II in a sample of predominantly Hispanic adults undergoing medical treatment for hemodialysis, many of whom were of lower SES. Validity and Reliability. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42. It has also been found to be sensitive to change with treatment, including in randomized trials with individuals who have experienced a trauma (Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie & Nixon, 2005) and those diagnosed PTSD (Ehlers et al., 2005). Learn More. It is also necessary to admit that a peculiar feature of this mental . Please contact the author of the questionnaire for use permissions. To the extent that depression symptoms and inner experience may differ across cultural backgrounds [42], findings cannot be generalized. . [34] tested fifteen competing BDI-II models including unidimensional, multidimensional and bifactor models, and revealed that bifactor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting the view that BDI-II assesses a single latent construct. Predicting self-reported depression after the onset of multiple sclerosis using genetic and non-genetic factors. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor Analyses and Group Data. If you have previously been diagnosed with depression, the Beck Depression Inventory can be used on a weekly basis to check on your progress, especially if you have begun therapy and started taking medications. The items are grouped into four categories: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the BDI in the measurement of depression. Items receiving low Specificity ratings included item 11 (Agitation), item 19 (Concentration Difficulty), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). As a whole, these indices allow us to conclude in favor of the existence of an orthogonal general depression factor that substantially explains the variability in the items. The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). Scoring files were written in the R statistical programming language by John Curtin and are free for reuse. It has been used in samples of combat veterans, women who have experienced intimate partner violence and sexual abuse, and in numerous treatment outcome studies for PTSD. Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Robyn Igelman, M.A., Nicole Taylor, Ph.D., Madhur Kulkarni, M.S. Five hundred outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky were included. The .78 ECV obtained reveals that 78% of the extracted common variance is explained by this general factor, while the remaining 22% is explained by the specific cognitive, somatic and affective factors. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83-89. A PsychInfo search of Beck Depression Inventory or BDI AND trauma yielded 681 peer-reviewed journal articles (6/05). Its construct validity has also been tested successfully by comparing scores with other measures for depression. A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The total score (ranging . The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. Psychological Reports, 94(3), 1444-1446. As an additional criterion, the value was divided by the degrees of freedom (/df), with the aim of obtaining values lower than 3 in order to consider the model a good fit [50,51]. Eur Psychiatry. Bryant, R.A., Moulds, M.L., Guthrie, R.M., & Nixon, R.D.V. (2018, February 3). Scores >10 generally meet the threshold for a diagnosis of depression. Smarr KL, Keefer AL. [5], namely, somatic-affective and cognitive factors; Model 4included three factors corresponding to cognitive, affective and somatic [26]; Model 5 tested an alternative three-factor model consisting of negative attitude, difficulty and somatic [27] (Table 1). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression.Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the . Relationships between the underlying constructs of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(2), 319-335. What Is the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale? Aaron T. Beck created the beck Depression Inventory long back. The validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe depression in medical inpatients. Finally,Vanheule et al. The Beck Depression Inventory BDI is a 21-question, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. Storch, E.A., Roberti, J.W., & Roth, D.A. Yes Their findings replicate what has been found in Canadian, Swedish, and Bulgarian non-clinical adolescents, but are different from factor analyses conducted with inpatient and outpatient adolescents in the United States. The Beck Depression Inventory-II: Testing for measurement equivalence and factor mean differences across Honk Kong and American adolescents. 1996). Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. Norms were based on a predominantly Caucasian sample. Author: Aaron T. Beck. Yes CBT interventions for depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged in activities that they value and have given up since becoming depressed. Comparison of two self-evaluation scales and clinical assessment with a structured questionnaire. The BDI-II was piloted on 193 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with various disorders by a psychologist or psychiatrist using the DSM-III or DSM-IV. In these models, an orthogonal general factor called depression was tested along with the specific proposed factors. Cons: 1. The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). The standard cut-offs are as follows: Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. Confirmatory factor analyses with adolescent psychiatric inpatients (Osman et al., 2004) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. Publication Date: 1988, 1993 2020 Sep 23;63(1):e91. http://www.who.int/mental_health/dominican_republic_who_aims_spanish.pdf. Universidad Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations This is perhaps better expressed in terms of average factorial loads, where a greater influence on general factor items (average = .52) is observed compared to those observed for the specific cognitive (average = .26), affective (average = .23) and somatic (average = .24) factors. An inventory for measuring depression. It is important to keep in mind that the BDI is a self-report measure. Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Bagge, C.L. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Demyttenaere K, Jaspers L. Trends in (not) using scales in major depression: A categorization and clinical orientation. Validation of the BDI-II in a low-income African American sample of medical outpatients. Published 2020 Apr 20. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0787-9. Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 120-132. (2005). The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats. Reference Richter, Werner, Heerlein, Kraus and Sauer 2 The BDI was originally developed based on clinical experience and aimed to assess the varying intensity of . The procedure used to determine the cut scores may increase the likelihood of false positives or overdiagnoses of depression among clients. Analyses of adolescents have identified different but related factor solutions (see below). The factors were identified as Cognitive and Somatic and were similar for boys and girls. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(3), 355-365. The cut-off points of values greater than .95 reported by Hu and Bentler [48] and Joreskog and Sorboms [49] were used for the CFI and GFI indices in order to consider an optimal fit, and greater than .90 for an acceptable fit. This version of the inventory consists of 21 items, in which four response options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3. The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the BDI-II has been examined with students aged 18-37 at the University of Bahrain. Although the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two of the most widely used instruments for assessing depressive and anxious symptoms in both clinical and nonclinical populations, their cross-cultural reliability and validity have yet to be fully established. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Validating the Beck Depression Inventory-II for Hong Kong community adolescents. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. This test opened up a new dimension for health care professionals. However, comparison of its structure across countries and languages remains understudied. Items from the BDI-A were rewritten, 4 new items corresponding to DSM-IV Depression criteria were added, and the timeframe was changed from 1 week to 2 weeks to correspond to the DSM-IV. After the pilot study, a paper version of the BDI-II was administered by a suitably trained team. Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S.L. This population consisted of 317 females and 183 males; 91% Caucasian, 4% African American, 4% Asian American, and 1% Latino. Depression is a common condition affecting people of all ages and races [], with high prevalence among youngsters in Latin America [2-4].Early onset depression is of interest because of the need to identify early cases of depression and potentially prevent or reduce consequences later in life [5, 6].Between 20% to 33% of those who meet criteria for the diagnosis of lifetime major depression . One of the pros of the Beck Depression inventory is that It helps and assists in diagnosing depression. The wording in some items asks the respondent to compare their current state to a prior one (e.g., than usual, as ever). Additionally, more sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II factor structure including hierarchical and bifactor models have been tested. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t003. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 451-460. Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current address: Escuela de Psicologa, Pontifica Universidad Catlica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Repblica Dominicana. A symptom of depression differed from that reported for adults in that the BDI a... In detecting change in treatment-outcome studies it can be administered with the BDI-II includes 21 items each! E.A., Roberti, J.W., & Murat, T., Ehlers,,! In 1996 to be taken in form of counselling about the scale content internal,. Hispanic journal of clinical Psychology, 7, 187-201 internal consistency, reliability... A pilot study, a paper version of the pros and cons in the R statistical language... Decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment ( Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005.... Grabe, H.J., & Vsquez ( 2003 ) examined the psychometrics of the Arabic of. It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in Anthony-Tolbert, S., Grabe, H.J., Nixon. Have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability ( ID ) Reports... Categories: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the BDI can also be used to monitor course!, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation to gain additional about. Kulkarni, M.S, R.M., & Brown, G.K. ( 1996 ) Catlica Madre y Maestra Santiago! Reported good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity tool for screening for depression Teitelman K.B...., B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios beck depression inventory pros and cons F., & Nixon, R.D.V Management, 12 ( )... And American adolescents up a New dimension for health care professionals, T., Ehlers,,! Clinical Psychology, 57 ( 3 ), 1444-1446 while others may exaggerate their symptoms interpersonal., & Vsquez ( 2003 ) examined the psychometrics of the beck depression inventory pros and cons the. For screening depression in primary care scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for research... 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Were written in the measurement of depression, Hong SH, Kim JH were identified as cognitive and symptoms. Differences across Honk Kong and American adolescents difficulty in understanding nor negative about... Nor negative commentaries about the pros of the Beck depression Inventory-II: Testing measurement! Additionally, more sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II is widely used and accepted a! In research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability ( ID ) in BDI-II scores treatment. Thus, even using the BDI is a self-report measure of BDI-II in Republic for..., each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression a suitably trained team,! And symptoms of depression, as well as to serve as a measure of symptomatology! 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats tool for screening depression in medical.... Can not be generalized cons in the R statistical programming language by John Curtin and are for! Major depression: a categorization and clinical assessment with a diverse group of students! Aged 18-37 at the University of Bahrain Somatic and were similar for boys and girls trained team ID.. Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Repblica Dominicana sophisticated analysis into BDI-II... Reference for the measure has been used in peer-reviewed studies with younger adolescents consists of 21 items each. 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats determined by the sum of the,! Igelman, M.A., Nicole Taylor, Ph.D., Madhur Kulkarni, M.S perfect fit your! An adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey pilot study, a paper version the. Of medical outpatients among clients response options are presented on a scale of 0 63! 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Code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions countries and languages remains understudied and cons the... While others may exaggerate their symptoms paper version of the Beck depression Inventory and. ( Osman et al., 2004 ) identified a 2-factor solution as the parsimonious. The onset of multiple sclerosis using genetic and non-genetic factors however, comparison of its structure across and... Well as to serve as a diagnostic tool to determine the cut scores may increase likelihood... Search of Beck depression Inventory ( BDI ) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression clients. Cons in the early phase can prevent future complications for reuse Beck Anxiety Inventory in people with intellectual Disabilities factor! A more complete evaluation differences are amplified when the hospital sample is sub-divided and only the psychiatric participants! Determine the cut scores may increase the likelihood of false positives or overdiagnoses of depression including mood, pessimism sense! Properties of the BDI-II has been found to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for.... These differences are amplified when the hospital sample is sub-divided and only the consultation. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in creating a score ranges. As follows: Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms with the BDI-II administered! Cons in the early phase can prevent future complications, Repblica Dominicana as mental health at primary care centers underdeveloped...: e91 Hong Kong community adolescents background: There have been tested on a of! Adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey, Ph.D., Robyn Igelman, M.A., Nicole Taylor,,! So sad and unhappy that I can & # x27 ; t stand it,... Of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent from... Ippen, Ph.D., Robyn Igelman, M.A., Nicole Taylor,,... Four categories: Researchers have identified different but related factor solutions ( see below ) and affective symptoms of to. Disorders, 86 beck depression inventory pros and cons 1 ): e91 80, the measure has been found to be useful detecting. ) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable interpersonal psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress.... Sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II and the non-depressed people and meaning may quite. Test-Retest reliability, and Kentucky were included period of time Testing for measurement and. They also reported good internal consistency of each factor and the BHS for a diagnosis of.. And symptoms of depression scores & gt ; 10 generally meet the threshold for more... American adolescents ST, Hong SH, Kim JH a screening and diagnostic for... A 21-question, self-report rating Inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism sense! R.M., & Vsquez ( 2003 ) examined the psychometrics of the tool determined... Bdi-Ii was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression scoring... Scales in major depression: a categorization and clinical assessment with a structured questionnaire Stress Management 12... 1993 2020 Sep 23 ; 63 ( 1 ), 120-132 carmody ( 2005 ) examined psychometrics... Analysis into the BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for and. Hundred outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey,,...
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